Young America, 2023

Coal, mica, and acrylic on panel
46 x 72 inches


Now and Then, Now and Again, Now and Forever, 2023

Coal on panel
48 x 36 inches each


Carrizozo to Tularosa, 2022

Coal and gypsum on wood panel
60 x 126 inches


Sixty Million Years Until Right Now is a time-based sculpture and sound performance created at the Missoula Art Museum.

Please watch the video above as part of my submission.


Sixty Million Years Until Right Now, 2021

Coal Sound Sculpture — Depicted before the performance
Missoula Art Museum, Montana
Coal, salt, steel, water, wood, and time
50 x 94 x 46 inches

I was interested in creating a sculpture with a lifespan—taking a material sixty million years in the making and transforming that material over a summer through a performance involving people and water.

Sixty Million Years Until Right Now plays with geologic and human time scales. I’m curious about what it feels like and what it means to transform something that took so long to create.

During the performance, visitors passed pitchers of water in a circle, taking a moment to pour water on the sculpture. When water is poured on coal, a wonderful sound emanates from the stones. Holding silence, everyone listened to the sound.


Coal is hydrophilic and acts like a sponge; after the performance the coal pulled in the salty water from the basin and salt crystals precipitated out onto the surface of the stones over several weeks.

This piece was an experiment and I am grateful to the Missoula Art Museum for their support every step of the way.

Sixty Million Years Right Now after the coal had absorbed the salty water and salt crystals had formed, two months after the performance.


Good Luck, Little Rattler, 2022

Coal and mica on panel
30 x 24 inches


Whereafter, 2022

Coal, mica, and gypsum on wood panel
24 x 24 inches


White Star Vein, 2022

Coal and gypsum on panel
48 x 36 inches


Split Earth, 2020

Coal on wood panel in walnut artist frame
48 x 72 inches